Who are you Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Who are you - Essay Example le, I have a passion for the study of history, something that is very rare today considering that most of my friends consider history to be a boring subject. I am kind of a loner because except for my family, I have very few friends and in fact, I find it very difficult to make new friends. I like to study politics, again a subject that most of the people I know find to be boring or a waste of time but I think that it is a very relevant thing to study so that we can know what exactly is happening in our society, because these two cannot be separated. Some parts of me that have changed over time while there are others, which have remained the same since childhood. I was raised in a very conservative family whose values were instilled in me from an early age. However, as I have grown older, I have come to realize that some of the values which I was brought up to believe in are very discriminatory towards people of other cultures and that is why I strive to study other people and their cultures in order to better understand them. In other aspects, I have remained the same considering that I am still proud of my country, as well as the community within which I grew and most of all, I am still very close to my family and friends. I value my body a lot and in fact, many religions state that the body is a very holy thing (Angel, 141 – 156). I believe that it is our duty to take very good care of it because it is the vessel in, which our souls are carried. I exercise regularly and have a well balanced diet to ensure that my body remains healthy because if I were to do otherwise, then it is certain that my body would deteriorate quickly. I would like to live a long life and the best way to achieve this would be to maintain my body at the best standard I possibly can. There are many ways through, which I have come to know other people and many of these vary. The first people I have come to know are my family; this is because they are the people I first interacted with

Contract Law. Westwood Ltds Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Contract Law. Westwood Ltds - Case Study Example Clint inspected the machine and, thinking that it would be appreciated by both the customers and staff of his toy store, agreed to buy it. The toy store had never had a drinks vending machine before nor anything like it. Westwood Ltd said that it would partially dismantle the machine and pack it into a wooden crate in order to make it easier for Clint to take delivery. Delivery was arranged for the following week with payment to be made on delivery. On Tuesday, the warehouse manager of Westwood Ltd packed the remaining stock of 500 toy guns into two separate wooden crates, one containing 200 and the other 300. Westwood Ltd had not yet managed to find anyone other than Clint to purchase any of the toy guns. The warehouse manager screwed a wooden lid onto the crate of 200 toy guns and then marked it with Clint's name ready for delivery. The crate of 300 toy guns remained directly next to the crate of 200 toys guns which was now marked for Clint. On Tuesday night, vandals broke into Westwood Ltd's warehouse and destroyed the crate of 200 toy guns labelled for Clint. The vending machine as agreed to be sold to Clint was also damaged. The crate of 300 toy guns was not damaged. 3) Further explain how your advice would differ, if at all, if the retail toy store referred to above wa... Answer: Background of the Case In the United Kingdom, Contract of Sale of Goods is a contract by which the seller transfers or agrees to transfer the property in goods to the buyer for a money or consideration, called the price (Sec. 2, par.1, Sale of Goods Act 1979). The Sale of Goods Act 1979 is the main statute that binds the contract of sale in the United Kingdom and was amended by the following relevant or related law and legislation: Supply of Goods and Services Act 1982, Sale and Supply of Goods Act 1994, and The Sale of Goods to Consumers Regulations 2002. A contract of sale is deemed perfected when both of the parties, the seller and the buyer, of the contract had accepted unconditionally the terms of the contract like the price, mode of payment, date and place of delivery, and others. Once a contract is perfected, certain duties are imposed under the law of contract of sales for both of the parties to perform and certain rights also were created the performance of which can be reciprocally demanded from one another (Part IV, Sales of Goods Act 1979). Normally, a contract of sale of goods should be reduced in writing to conform to the Statute of Frauds. Other form includes oral contract or combination of oral and written contracts (Sec. 4, Sale of Goods Act 1979). Failure to follow the tenor of the terms of the contract is equivalent to breach of contract by which the party at fault can be held liable for the payment of damages or other relevant legal remedies (Part VI, Sale of Goods Act 1979). The latest relevant regulation that is The Sale of Goods to Consumers Regulations 2002, apply to a range of transactions between businesses and consumers, including the sale

Arthur Millers Death of a Salesman Essays -- Death of a Salesman Arth

Arthur Miller's Death of a Salesman Arthur Miller’s Death of a Salesman was written after the second World War while the American economy was booming. Society was becoming very materialistic, and the idea that anyone could â€Å"make it† in America was popular. These societal beliefs play a large part in Death of a Salesman, a play in which the main character, Willy Loman, spends a lifetime chasing after the American Dream. Willy was sold on the wrong dream. He was enamored with a myth of American ideals and chose to put aside his real talents in pursuit of a fantasy. In several instances of the play, we see that Willy is a skilled carpenter. He wants to redo the front step just to show off to his brother, and he is constantly fixing things around the house. However, he doesn’t see carpentry as an acceptable occupation. It entails hard work and there isn’t any glory in it. Instead, he chooses to follow the dream of being a successful salesman. The problem is that Willy doesn’t seem to have any of the skills needed to be a salesman. He deludes himself into thinking that he is â€Å"vital in New England† but we find out during his meeting with Howard that even during his good years he wasn’t doing as well as he thought he was. He has convinced himself that he averages one hundred and seventy dollars a week in commission, but Howard tells him otherwise. This is a sh ock to Willy; he’s not used to having reality forced upon him. Willy sees being a salesman as a worthy profession; he apparently puts a lot of effort into his sales pitches. His ideal fate is the same as Dave Singleman’s; to be so â€Å"well-liked† that he can make sales over the phone and to have hundred of people attend his funeral. Willy is blind to the... ... he tries to tell Happy that Willy didn’t know himself. Unfortunately, Happy is still living in a world of illusions, and he becomes angry with Biff and says â€Å"He had a good dream. It’s the only dream you can have – to come out number one man. He fought it out here, and this is where I’m gonna win it for him.† Ironically, Willy killed himself so that Biff could carry out his dreams of success, but Happy is the one who actually believed in Willy’s dream and vows to â€Å"win it for him†. As Linda looks over Willy’s grave, she tells us that the house has finally been paid off; that they are finally out of debt. If only Willy had been willing to take a job from Charley, they could have been living an easy life. But, Willy’s illusions of being a good salesman and his pride in false beliefs would not allow him to. Willy has died chasing the illusion of the American Dream.

Extended commentary of ‘The Convergence of the Twain’ by Thomas Hardy Essay

On the Title: Hardy uses two interesting words: ‘convergence’ and ‘twain’. A convergence is a meeting of two paths, or entities – in this case, a collision! ‘Twain’ is an archaic word for ‘two’, i.e.; both the ‘Titanic’ and the iceberg. Such a title immediately positions the reader to the direction in which the poem will go. Hardy is not, as many elegiac poems of the day were, preparing to mourn the loss of the ship and the lives upon it but rather proceeding to examine the philosophical nature of the collision; perhaps it was fated? The other current use of â€Å"twain† was in the pseudonym â€Å"Mark Twain,† made famous by the publication – initially in England – of â€Å"The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn† in 1886. Clems adopted the nom de plume to suggest â€Å"uncomfortable waters† or â€Å"tight navigation,† since two fathoms (â€Å"twain,† the sounding of a Mississippi deck-hand measuring the depth beneath the keel) would be dangerous for a steamboat. Background Information: The ocean liner ‘RMS Titanic’ famously sank, at two o’clock in the morning, upon the 15th April 1912. The disaster claimed 1,502 lives. Hardy was asked to write a poem to be read at a charity concert to raise funds in aid of the tragedy disaster fund. It was first published as part of the souvenir program for that event. Overall Structure: Hardy writes eleven regular triplet stanzas, with an AAA rhyme scheme throughout. The use of triplets allows for a more thorough exploration of ideas in each stanza; unified by the use of the rhyme scheme. Perhaps he also does this to create the effect of inevitability, for the rhymed words form their own â€Å"paths coincident† that lead to a preset conclusion – the reader knows, that is, with which sound each stanza will end after he or she has only read the first line of that stanza. However, that knowledge only appears are having read the first few stanzas or so, echoing the idea that knowledge of those coincident paths of which the poem speaks is not always immediately discernible. Themes: The Vanity of Man, The Relationship between Man and Nature, Fate, Classical Entities. Difficult Language Notes: â€Å"The Immanent Will† – a force of fate. â€Å"Salamandrine† – associated with the salamander (a mythical creature) The poem runs in straight sets but I wish to divide in two for ease of analysis. ‘Part I’ exists from Stanzas I to VI, whilst ‘Part II’ takes the form of Stanzas VII to XII. Part I Notes: First Stanza Notes: Hardy introduces his poem in medias res – the ship has been sunk and lies silently at the bottom of the ocean. He creates a calm effect over his poem through the consonance of the ‘s’ sounds: â€Å"In a solitude of the sea Deep from human vanity, And the Pride of Life that planned her, stilly couches she.† Particular elements of diction are worthy of note: * â€Å"Deep from human vanity† – this line points to the emerging theme of man’s failed vanity, in creating such a grand object to rule over the natural world, only to have Nature smite it. The phrase â€Å"Pride of Life† accentuates this principle. Note how Hardy uses capital letters to make otherwise simple abstract nouns definitive. Although this is pre-emptive, I will now examine the theme of vaingloriousness (and point out notable pieces of evidence throughout the remainder of the poem) which Hardy presents. He uses irony to evoke the ridiculousness of man’s plans. In stanzas I through to V, he juxtaposes images of the ships opulence, such as its â€Å"mirrors meant / To glass the opulent† and the ship’s â€Å"gilded gear† with images of the â€Å"cold currents†, â€Å"sea-worms† and â€Å"moon-eyed fishes† that now flow, crawl and swim through those former interiors. This creates a tangible image of the human vanity referred to in this first stanza; what people design for greatness ultimately ends up in a place of abasement. * â€Å"Stilly† is a highly unusual adverb. Hardy uses it to create a sense of ‘peace’. This is furthered by â€Å"solitude† and â€Å"couches†. ‘Couches’ suggests restfulness, or an equanimity. S.L.S considers an image of a ‘death bed’ upon the sea floor. Second Stanza Notes: Hardy focuses upon images of death and change in this stanza: â€Å"Steel chambers, late the pyres Of her salamandrine fires Cold currents third, and turn to tidal rhythmic lyres.† The furnaces of the ship, which contained the â€Å"salamandrine fires† of her engines (a form of LIFE), now have â€Å"Cold currents thrid† (note the a contrast in temperature – and consequently, a contrast in living state) running through them. ‘Thrid’ itself is another reference to the title, as an archaic word for ‘two’. Where there was once heat and life driving the engines of the ship, there is now coldness and death. A further juxtaposition within this second stanza is the use of the word â€Å"pyre†, as it connotes funerals and death, while the use of â€Å"salamandrine† insinuates a certain tenacity for life (as salamanders were said to live through fires) that could be associated with the ‘Unsinkable Ship’ idea – there was a theory prior to the sinking, now tragically ironic, that the Titanic was unable to sink. Yet, for all of the tragic (or formerly energetic, given the nature of fire) nature of the ship, Hardy once again returns to ideas of peace and harmony. â€Å"Rhythmic tidal lyres† are reminiscent of the classical entities – such as Apollo’s lyre and his place in Arcadia – and consequently calming images. The distinct iambic meter in this phrase aids the calming lilt of the lines. Hardy presents the Titanic’s corpse in a peaceful light, however chilling and panicked her death. Third and Fourth Stanza Notes: I have above described the idea of vanity. I will pick out key phrases from these stanzas which support this idea – their key point is to achieve the above: * â€Å"mirrors meant to glass the opulent† CONTRASTED TO â€Å"grotesque, slimed, dumb, indifferent† sea worms. Note the cruelty and emphasis on â€Å"indifferent†. * â€Å"Jewels in joy designed† CONTRASTED TO â€Å"lie lightless, all their sparkles bleared and black and blind† Note the use of polysyndeton. * â€Å"gilded gear†. Note alliteration. Fifth and Sixth Stanzas: Thus far Hardy has thoroughly examined the idea of vanity and the sunken ship itself. At stanza VI, Hardy changes his focus to the process by which the ship sank, in reference to Hardy’s ‘question’ formulated in stanza V. V â€Å"Dim moon-eyed fishes near Gaze at the gilded gear And query: ‘What does this vaingloriousness down here? VI Well: while was fashioning This creature of cleaving wing, The Immanent Will that stirs and urges everything† It is obvious that Hardy engineers the explanation of the collision as a response to the â€Å"fishes’† question – although one would initially expect the final line of stanza V to be rhetorical. Before diverging upon the analysis of Hardy’s response, note some key elements of this stanza: * â€Å"moon-eyed† (white and dull) contrasts with the shiny, golden nature of the â€Å"gilded†. This accentuates the differences between the metallic (man-made) ship and the natural world. Also note the alliteration used in this line. Question why? * In an final assault on the vanitas vanitatum, observe that Hardy utilises anthropomorphisation to allow even the fish to question Man’s will in creating such ‘vaingloriousness’ – a Natural force (perhaps a personification of Nature itself?) labels the ship a vanity. What consequence does this have? This query, although appearing rhetorical, is answered by Hardy. Denoted by the use of ‘Well’, he switches to a colloquial register – this again adds to the sense of a Volta at stanza VI. Also note the sudden introduction of prominent enjambment at the end of the poem. The sense of stanza VI rolls into the VIIth, in direct opposition to the previous use of ‘poetic closure’ to end all previous stanzas – Hardy normally uses a form of punctuation. Now it’s gone. Apart from being a ‘change’ in its innate self, the enjambment aids in increasing the pace of the poem. This is highly significant. Seeing as, from this point forth, Hardy creates a ‘convergence of the twain’ within the poem itself – i.e.: he brings the two entities together (I will later explore this process in detail) from obscurity to the point of their collision – then increasing the pace at which the two entities move (which is obviously determined by the pace of the poem) must bring them together faster. This adds to the sense of movement, of fast movement and of dramatic effect. Well done, Mr. Hardy. Note some language details: â€Å"Creature of cleaving wing† is a very interesting phrase. â€Å"Cleaving† has multiple meanings, all of which are appropriate to Hardy’s imagery. Primarily, he may be imagining the ship as it ‘cleaves’ through the water, as all good ships should do. Remember, in its day the Titanic was the fastest liner afloat. â€Å"The cleaving wing† may therefore be the iron bow of the boat. Notice how Hardy is utilising additional anthropomorphisation, in referring to the ship as both a â€Å"creature† and one with â€Å"wing[s]†. The iceberg, however, remains inanimate. I doubt that there are any really deliberate poetic techniques to be synthesized from this but perhaps Hardy encourages a larger empathic response from the animate ship than from the inanimate iceberg? However, we must also acknowledge the metallic â€Å"knife-like† associations with ‘cleaving’ – like ‘cleaver’. This has a highly inanimate connotation. [Another weak point, acknowledged.] There also exists an archaic definition in the verb ‘to cleave’ – as in a Biblical usage – meaning ‘to join in matrimony’. This is of enormous interest. Hardy later plays a great deal upon the idea of the twain being marital (and even sexual) mates. Throughout the poem he refers to them with terms connotating a â€Å"confirmed relationship†. We may be â€Å"reading into† the phrase a little too deeply but it is a comment worthy of note. Perhaps Hardy is using the archaic definition of the verb to further advance his marital imagery? He is certainly no stranger to using such odd vocabulary; observe â€Å"The Darkling Thrush†! Finally, I wish to examine ‘The Immanent Will’. â€Å"Immanent† is not an archaic spelling of â€Å"imminent† – do not get confused in terms of these different words! â€Å"The Immanent Will† is somewhat comparable, in terms of a philosophical idea, to the Christian concept of the â€Å"Holy Spirit† or â€Å"Holy Ghost†. It is a spiritual, but existent, entity within every object which determines its fate or actions. Christianity has branches – notably in Catholicism – which believe in a pre-determined plan, of God’s design. In other words, we are all on a plan set out by God. The Holy Spirit helps us to achieve what God wishes; it provides inner strength and resolve. Hardy did not have an easy relationship with religion; born a Christian, he went through multiple tumultuous periods of atheistic belief. That’s probably why he hasn’t gone and just written; â€Å"God, or some deified entity, has allowed and planned for the demise of this here ship. And that’s why the iceberg, which could have been anywhere in a 3,000 mile radius of the vast Atlantic Ocean, just so happened to strike the ship. Deal with it.† So, instead, he has substituted a strictly non-religious term to his idea of Fate. Indeed, he later refers to the Classical ‘Fate’ entities to again replace any otherwise religious terminology. Remember also that Hardy is not aiming to criticise Christianity in a poem intended to raise money for the victims’ families. Thus, clear religious controversy was not a good idea. Stanzas VIII and IX Notes: â€Å"And as the smart ship grew In stature, grace and hue, In shadowy silent distance grew the iceberg too. Alien they seemed to be: No mortal eye could see The intimate welding of the later history,† Again, Hardy invites further comparison through the use of juxtaposition; he now places the two entities in a relative time scale. The use of the word ‘as’ creates this effect, as it brings almost a simile-esque comparative sense to the stanzas. We must focus on the idea of the twain ‘growing’ – as that is the image which Hardy evokes – and the way in which both are joint in the use of the same verb. The obvious mental image is one of a familial relationship; they grow simultaneously but are fatally unaware of each other. Indeed, the distance between them is made explicitly clear and further emphasized by the alliteration used with â€Å"shadowy† and â€Å"silent†. Observe, in the phrase â€Å"In stature, grace and hue†, Hardy returns to the original theme of the ship’s grandeur. He appears, in this occurrence, to be rather more commending (or perhaps simply more mournful) of the ship and its purpose. Stanza IX further dwells upon the notion of fate. Indeed, Hardy utilises some more imagery worthy of note, full of oxymorons. â€Å"The intimate welding of the later history† It takes little to see that this further advances the ideas of both the twain’s ‘marital intimacy’, of the metal-related imagery associated with the ship, but also, in the final few words, the idea of Fate. If one can know, in the present, the details of the future’s past – in other words, the near future – then surely one is saying in an oddly convoluted way that a certain action is destined to soon take place? It’s an oxymoronic (â€Å"later history† is oxymoronic in my book!) way of saying the same as before; the twain are destined to collide. Stanzas X and XI Notes: â€Å"Or sign that they were bent By paths coincident On being anon twin halves of one august event, Till the Spinner of the Years Said ‘Now!’ And each one hears, And consummation comes, and jars two hemispheres. Very little needs to be said about the action in these stanza. The Twain collide, bringing together the long wait in both metaphorical and poetic terms. Hardy’s precise choice of words and imagery is somewhat more interesting, however. For example: * â€Å"Paths coincident† does not point to a coincidence, as one might initially assume, but rather to a â€Å"co-incident† (i.e. â€Å"together†) act. The Twain are, on reflection, on a course which emulates two graphical lines, in the way that they bisect. Does this then also reflect a sense of Fated entity? Graphical lines do not change, thus their ‘collision’ is determined and sealed. * â€Å"Twin halves of one august event† reminds the reader of the action and precise existence of the collision. In the end, the act was a very physical, not philosophical one. Hardy acknowledges this, but attempts to draw out the unified nature of the Twain, in the intrinsic act of their collision. Note that the usual use of â€Å"august† to mean â€Å"awe inspiring or admiration; majestic† is not intended by Hardy here in a positive way. He merely wishes to express wonder at the grand, if tragic, culmination of two great forces. And yes, it is rather melodramatic. * Hardy at lasts then returns to his Fated theme with the phrase â€Å"The Spinner of the Years†. Reminiscent of the Classical Greek Moirai or the Roman Parcae (three old hags who would run, spin and cut the threads of life), Hardy refers to the middle of the three – the Spinner. Spinning a mortal thread has always occupied a position in mythology. Hardy utilises it to draw out a sense of fate. Fate itself conducts the affair, it seems, given that the Twain act upon the word â€Å"Now!† to converge. * Emerson Brown, scholar of medieval literature, pointed out that the poem is 33 lines long, whilst line 33 echoes the 33-year-old Christ’s last words: â€Å"consummatum est.† In any case, when â€Å"consummation comes†, Thomas Hardy sends 1,500 souls to the bottom with an obscene pun. To â€Å"come† has borne a sexual connotation since the 17th century, at least, while consummation traditionally means the fulfilment of the marriage contract by intercourse. The image of the ‘Titanic’ and the iceberg copulating is hard to take seriously – therefore we must question whether Hardy truly intends it. Nevertheless, it advances the idea of the twain existing in a marital bond. Note the sudden use of speech, in the present tense. Very dramatic. Brings the Twain together in Time for the last time!

Compare And Contrast The Ways Essay - 1347 Words

Compare and Contrast the ways in which the poet describes the breakdown if the relationship. Comment on the effectiveness of their verse-craft I chose to compare the poems: An Anniversary, by Vernon Scannel Dismissal, by John Tripp A Winters Tale, by D.H. Lawrence In the poem amp;#8220;An Anniversary; the poet describes the relationship and itamp;#8217;s breakdown as two leaves on a river, this is and example of amp;#8216;Personificationamp;#8217;. In contrast to this poem in the poem amp;#8220;Dismissal; Tripp describes the breakdown very much as it was, describing two people in a dreary pub, this is an example of amp;#8216;Pathetic fallacyamp;#8217; as the setting is very boring and dark like the breakdown of the†¦show more content†¦The poet uses a lot of contrasts in this poem: amp;#8220;The skyamp;#8217;s smeared monotone.; amp;#8220;Once, on a branch in the sun, they danced; This contrasts the happiness in the relationship before the breakdown to the boring monotone they have between each other now. The poet uses vivid imagery all the way through the poem to describe the two leaves; he also uses amp;#8220;Personification; the way that he describes the two leaves as people. The tone of the poem changes as at the beginning when the poet is describing the relationship now it is quite morose, as the two leaves are no longer together. At the end he is describing the relationship before the breakdown and the tone is quite happy. This is an example of amp;#8216;Pathetic Fallacyamp;#8217; as the tone reflects and complements what the poet is talking about. Some examples of amp;#8220;Alliteration; in the poem are: amp;#8220;stream slides; amp;#8220;stares amp;#8230;..slithering; amp;#8220;skyamp;#8217;s smeared; amp;#8220;shimmering skin; They are all S sounds, this complements the flowing, smooth, gliding rhythm of the poem. In the poem amp;#8220;Dismissal; the poet describes the relationship breakdown very much like a story. In the whole poem he uses amp;#8220;Enjambment; and the poem has a very continuous rhythm he also doesnamp;#8217;t use rhyme or assanance which also adds to its story-like quality. The poet describes; amp;#8220;To this day I remember that alcove:Show MoreRelatedCompare and Contrast the Ways1494 Words   |  6 PagesCompare and Contrast the ways in which the poet describes the breakdown if the relationship. 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Office And The Department Of Human Services - 881 Words

This letter is in response to your complaint in reference to your son, Joseph Deffenbaugh Moschetti sustaining injuries while in foster care. You initially spoke to the Foster Care Ombudsman, Darin Mancuso from the Governor’s Advocacy Office (GAO) on June 15, 2015 after Mr. Mancuso saw your posts on Facebook regarding the injuries your son sustained while in foster care. Please accept this letter in response to your expressed concerns and as an explanation of our findings based on our investigation and review of the complaint. To clarify the role of the GAO, this office is under both the Governor s Office and the Department of Human Services (DHS) Director s Office and we independently review or investigate any matters of complaint or concern that a constituent reports having with a DHS program or service. Because we are under the DHS umbrella, we have the authorization to access client information systems and confidential case files. As your concern was specific to your son in foster care, the Foster Care Ombudsman completed this investigation. Per our discussion the complaints in regards to you son, Joseph Deffenbaugh Moschetti is as follows: 1) Pictures of a Joseph with bruising and small scratches on his ear, leg and forehand. 2) Joseph was attacked by a cat in his foster home and received multiple injuries. 3) Joseph had a black eye and cut approximately three months previous to the current injuries. 4) Concern that Joseph had redness on his penis while inShow MoreRelatedOffice Department Of Health And Human Services Agency1883 Words   |  8 PagesKalamazoo County Department of Health and Human Services agency is the host to many assistance programs and services that aid in the advancement of our community. The organization was originally created in 1965 and was named â€Å"Department of Social Services† (Michigan.gov, 2017). 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Since the hotels are within the mid range (350-500 rooms), a room director will be needed to supervise the departments that make up the rooms division, another director for the food and beverage department and supervisors in the subdivisionRead MoreManaging A Full Spectrum Of Executive And Human Resources Programs1429 Words   |  6 PagesExecutive Professional with over eight years of experience managing a full spectrum of executive and human resources programs, services and functions with comprehensive experience in recruitment and retention, conflict resolution, change management, labor relations and benefits/payroll administration. Detail-oriented, accurate and quick with numbers. Ability to address and implement strategic plans for talent acquisition, retention and succession planning. 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The Importance Of Operant Conditioning And Classical...

Zoe Nanke Elementary Psychology Discussion Section Shaun Vecera Friday October 10, 2014 There are different types of learning used in the world of psychology. Two of the most well known styles of learning are operant conditioning and classical conditioning. American behavioral psychologist B.F. Skinner founded operant conditioning. Operant conditioning tries to either increase or decrease a behavior. Increasing a behavior is reinforcement and decreasing a behavior is punishment. There then are two subdivisions of each; positive and negative. Positive means giving something in order to increase or decrease a behavior, negative mans taking something away in order to increase or decrease a behavior. Russian psychologist Ivan Pavlov founded classical conditioning, otherwise known as Pavlovian conditioning. Classical conditioning is when you continually pair two stimuli (anything that can cause a response) together until the response (any action or behavior) to the first stimulus is triggered by the second stimulus as well. Operant conditioning and Classical conditioning are similar in the fact that they either are changing behavior. They are also similar because they create learning based on experience that ends in an almost permanent change in behavior. Their difference comes in their process of going about changing a behavior. Operant conditioning is giving or taking away something to increase or decrease a behavior. Classical condition is putting different stimuli andShow MoreRelatedClassical Conditioning And Operant Conditioning1204 Words   |  5 Pagesknown as classical conditioning and operant conditioning. These forms of learning are very practical and can be seen and used in everyday life. Classical and operant conditioning are different forms of learning which have importance in everyday life and can be found in advertising, PTSD, and even lifestyle changes. To fully understand the importance of classical and operant conditioning, it is important to first understand what they are and how they are different. Classical conditioningRead MoreThe Theory Of Classical Conditioning929 Words   |  4 PagesDiscussion 5 1. Define: Classical Conditioning is learning theory based on the assumption that the learning process occurs due to associations between an environmental stimulus and a natural occurring stimulus, as indicated in our textbook. This learning theory was developed by John Watson. He proposed that this theory is able to explain human behavior. Watson also assumed that our environment shapes our personality as a whole. His ideas were influenced by the findings of Ivan Pavlov, a RussianRead MoreEssay Is Learning a Science?801 Words   |  4 PagesThese methods are classical conditioning and operant conditioning. Precisely, what is conditioning? Conditioning is the process of changing behavior in such a way that an action formerly associated with a particular stimulus becomes associated with a new and unrelated stimulus. Both of these learning methods are basic forms of learning, which leads me to the discussion of operant conditioning. Is operant conditioning a Science? What is operant conditioning? Operant conditioning is a technique ofRead MoreBehaviorism And The Operant Conditioning Theory Essay1415 Words   |  6 Pagesstimuli. Behaviorism, as explored by the before mentioned, is a biological basis of learning and focuses exclusively on observable behaviors. This includes Thorndike’s theory of connectionism, Pavlov’s classical conditioning and the well-known conditioning theory from Skinner—the operant conditioning model. However, many researchers did not like the one-size fits all explanation of behaviorism. Cognitivism grew in response to behaviorism in an effort to better understand the mental processes behindRead MoreClassical And Operant Conditioning And The Field Of Psychology997 Words   |  4 PagesHow have studies of classical and operant conditioning contributed to the field of psychology? In this essay I will outline the main principles of both operant and classical conditioning methods and discuss what both theories have contributed to the field of psychology and what they have taught us about the way in which some human behaviour occurs. Classical conditioning, also known as Pavlovian conditioning (Davis, S. F., Buskist, W. (2008). 21st century psychology: a reference handbook PageRead MorePsychological Conditioning and Theories of Behavior1013 Words   |  4 Pagesresearching the digestive systems of dogs and led him to the discovery of classical condition, a way to modify behaviors using conditioned responses. Pavlovs views intrigued American John Watson, who pushed the idea forward in up through the 1950s. Building on these theories, but amending the model with the effects of punishment and reward, B.F. Skinners work had a revolutionary effect on behaviorism, now called operant conditioning (Shiraev, 2010, pp. 246-54). Learning Theory- Some say a logical reactionRead MoreIvan Pavlov s Theory Of Classical Conditioning Essay1349 Words   |  6 Pagesdevelopment of the first experimental model of learning: classical conditioning. He began his studies as a theology major, and changed throughout the years to physiology at the University of St. Petersburg. He won the Nobel Peace Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1904 (Psychology History). Ivan Pavlov was a very intelligent man. He was known for working on and experimenting with animals (dogs specifically). Pavlov s theory of classical conditioning consisted of a dog, a bell, food, and salivation. HeRead MoreLearning Final Integrative Paper Aisha Khawaja 121972 Words   |  8 PagesKhawaja 1 Running head: DISTINCTIONS BETWEEN CLASSICAL AND OPERANT CONDITIONING Distinctions between classical and operant conditioning Aisha Khawaja New Jersey City University Khawaja 2 Running head: DISTINCTIONS BETWEEN CLASSICAL AND OPERANT CONDITIONING Abstract There are many differences between classical and operant conditioning that will be discussed in this paper. These two types of conditioning are often misinterpreted by many individuals; therefore, it is important to distinguish theRead MoreThe Theory Of Classical Conditioning Theory Essay712 Words   |  3 Pagesand Mary Anisworth (1979) Two important learning theories of behaviorist perspective are classical and operant conditioning and are two important concepts to psychology. The processes are different but they both result in learning. Classical conditioning theory involves learning a new behaviour through the process of association. Ivan Pavlov (1849-1936) discovered the concept of classical conditioning whilst investigating the salivation reflex of dogs. Pavlov famous experiment (1927) with theRead MoreThe Theories Of Behaviorist Theory1116 Words   |  5 Pagesof psychology was focused on the study of the mind and consciousness (â€Å"Behaviorism Theory Overview,† n.d.). Watson based much of his theory on Pavlov’s classical conditioning, and as a result believed that nurture was the cause of human differences (â€Å"John B. Watson,† n.d.). The experiment that Watson used to apply Pavlov’ classical conditioning theory to humans was the â€Å"Little Albert† experiment. In this experiment Watson began working with a nine month old infant, observing his responses to various