Banglore essay Essays

Banglore essay Essays Banglore essay Essay Banglore essay Essay 1) Traffic 2) no place to park 3) dirty roads with pits and holes 4)pollution 5) decreasing of trees and raise of temperature 6) costly lifestyle 2) Irregular garbage collection 3) Underground drainage problems 4) Transport facility 5) Water scarcity 6) Pastic waste 7) Loss of green cover Bangalore is witnessing an alarming depletion of wetland areas and vegetation cover. There is an increase of 1 to 1. 5 degree in temperature due to intense urbanization. Here are some of the eco issues that could cripple Bangalore Bangalore is among the most successful cities in India and the developing world. Its opulation growth has been dramatic and it has generated vast amounts of wealth and prosperity. Bangalores economic success reflects the ability of cities to connect smart people who then work together and learn from one another. But however the development path adopted by Bangalore is neither sustainable nor equitable. And its leading to widespread degradation of environment. On the tip of the iceberg of environmental issues facing Bangalore today are impacts of climate change, water pollution and rapid unplanned urbanization. These are some of the pressing challenges that Bangalore is facing and that will hamper its rush for growth. Plastic Waste Bangalore generates 2500 tonnes of solid waste every day, and this waste is often disposed off in a very unscientific manner. And this worsens the situation in the polluted garden city. Once upon a time, walkers in the famous Cubbon Park and Lal Bagh used to enjoy the fresh air during their walks. Today, a majority of them are forced to wear pollution masks during their morning and evening walks. Rapid industrialization and a surge in the number of vehicles have made Bangalore explode into metropolitan nightmare. Due to the unscientific disposal of waste, pollution levels have risen to unprecedented levels in Bangalore. Experts point out that apart from the industrial and vehicular pollution, the waste disposal management by hospitals too is in a pitiable condition. The Karnataka State Pollution Control Board has found that several industries and hospitals do not have a proper solid waste management system Pollutlon Statistics show that the ambient air quality in Bangalore is deteriorating rapidly. The amount of nitrogen oxides in the air is 34 micrograms per meter cubed of air, which is quite high. The amount of suspended particulate matter is 200 microns per meter cubed of air, also high. There are also 44 microns of nitrogen oxides , suspended articulate matter Sulphur Dioxide per meter cubed of air, another high statistic. Every year the numbers seem to go higher and higher and the average person inhales more and more impurities. In his study, Urban Vehicular Pollution Control-Focus Bangalore, environmental engineer Ameer Ahmed lists out some of the most polluted spots in the city where suspended particulate matter (SPM) is high. These include areas around Victoria and Bowring and Lady Curzon hospitals, Jayadeva Institute of Cardiology and roads close to Bishop Cotton Girls School. Tumkur Road, Mysore Road and K. R. Market also recorded high SPM levels. It is a question of reducing pollutants emitted from different types of vehicle engines and of trapping the pollutants. Using cleaner grades of conventional fuel such as petrol and diesel, burning them efficiently and neutralizing the pollutants before they are released are all part of the Bharat II emission norms already followed by automobile manufacturers. Water Scarcity With a population of 5,686,000, Bangalore is Indias fifth largest city. As per the estimates of the Bangalore Water Supply and Sewerage Board (BWSSB), the total demand of water is 840 million litres per day (MLD). Bangalore is prominent among he Worlds fastest growing cities. Due to unorganized and un-scientific growth over the last few years drinking water problem has crossed danger limits. Bangalore gets water from three main sources. Major source among them is Kaveri River. Everyday around 810 MLD kaveri water is channeled to Bangalore. This Journey of water over 120 Km, costs nearly 500 crore rupees per year for electricity alone. The other two sources for water are T. G. Halli Tank and Underground Water Resource. Around 120 MLD from T. G. Halli and 50 MLD from underground water resource is used up by Bangalore everyday. Of later however, T. G. Halli water has considerably educed and the chances of complete drying up of resource are foreseen. According to a study conducted by the Centre for Symbiosis of Technology, Environment and Management (STEM), a Bangalore-based research group, the demand supply gap is met by groundwater exploitation. It is estimated that 40 per cent of the population of Bangalore is dependent on groundwater. Loss of Green Cover Bangalore could soon become concrete city. Bangalore has lost around 50,000 trees in recent years to infrastructure development and nearly 300 more will soon go for the Metro rail project. Environmentalists and citizens fear that rampant felling could ost tne clty ts green nerltage tag. I nelr Tear Is supported Dy neaps 0T logs 0T axed trees and tree stumps dotting roads across Bangalore. As many as 279 more trees will soon be axed down for Namma Metro the upcoming metro rail in central Bangalore, especially near the legislative assembly building Vidhana Soudha and Central College roads. In the past two to three years alone, Bangalore has lost around 50,000 trees, felled for developmental activities, states a report of the Environment Support Group (ESG). Also, not only has the citys green beauty been destroyed due to developmental works, but the loss of green over is also harming the Karnataka capitals climate. Bangalores weather is changing fast and is no more pleasant as it was earlier. If trees continue to be chopped off rapidly, the citys average temperature will rise by two-three degrees Celsius in the coming years. Urbanization Many of the lakes in the city have disappeared along with their water-spreads due to the rapid and unbridled urbanization here, a study said. The study, published by city-based Institute for Social and Economic Change (SEC), paints a grim scenario with further worsening of the water-bodies if the State government fails to get its act ogether. The report also points out that there has been an increase in flooding. Reclamation of lakes for various developmental activities has resulted in the loss of inter-connectivity in Bangalore district, leading to higher instances of floods even during normal rainfall. Many lakes were encroached for illegal buildings (54%). Field surveys (during July-August 2007) show that nearly 66% of lakes are sewage fed, 14% surrounded by slums and 72% showed loss of catchment area. Lake catchments were used as dumping yards for either municipal solid waste or building debris.

Cosmetic Surgery essays

Plastic/Cosmetic Surgery essays Imagine you are waiting in a room full of people that could use some improvements in their bodies including yourself. As you stare at yourself in the mirror, you think, I hate the way I look. So, you turned to plastic surgery to change the person you see in the mirror every morning. The most common and most popular type of surgery out there is plastic surgery. Also known as cosmetic surgery, many celebrities and television shows make it seem like a miracle worker. The truth of the matter is that plastic surgery can be life threatening if the procedure isnt performed correctly. Most people get cosmetic surgery done to improve their appearances, but their wishes dont always come true. Expensive, lethal, and unnatural doesnt it make you wonder why anyone would want plastic surgery? There is only one answer: Physical Appearance. With the growing popularity of cosmetic surgery, which involve both risks and benefits, people should think twice before getting implants or liposuction. Jennifer Lopez, Lindsay Lohan, and Michael Jackson are just a few of the victims to cosmetic surgery. As mentioned in the examples, plastic surgery isnt for everyone. Although, with so many celebrities getting plastic surgery, its easy for someone to think of it as a life saver. This was not the case for some of the contestants in Foxs new reality series The Swan. Last year, plastic surgery patients in the 19- to 34-year-old age group made up 45 percent of all breast augmentation procedures, 28 percent of all liposuction procedures and 40 percent of all rhinoplasty, according to the ASPS. "It's very sad to put it on television, as if it's OK - as if it's normal," says Dorinda Lambert, associate director and clinical coordinator at University Counseling Services. Celebrities hav ...

The aftermath of the global financial crisis 2007-2009 Essay

The aftermath of the global financial crisis 2007-2009 - Essay Example Consequently, liquidity became common; this facilitated the concept of innovative finance (D’Arista and Griffith-Jones, 2008), putting more funds into risky investments. Sub-prime loans were easily available before the emergence of financial crisis. Udell (2009) explains that the sub-prime loans were easily available in America. Basically, this type of loan is given to those people who do not have positive credit worthiness. And, banks and other financial institutions do not provide loans and other short-term credit facilities to those people or institutions who have negative credit worthiness or who are unable to repay loan. In the United States of America, before the beginning of financial crisis, many were unable to receive loans due to these factors and they resort to sub-prime loans. Initially, there were a few people and small institutions were giving sub-prime loans. With the passage of time, from local to multi-national banks and other financial institutions started gi ving sub-prime loans. Since higher interest rates were charged on the sub-prime loans, many banks and financial institutions saw it as an opportunity to earn more profit. The attacks of 9/11 were economically dangerous as well. The magnitude of attacks was sufficiently negatively on the economy of America. The entire American economy was damaged; the Fed came under pressure to economically manage the situation and devise such economic short-term policies to minimise the impacts of 9/11 on the American economy. With this aim in mind, Greenspan of Fed decided to reduce the interest rate to the level of 1 percent. The reduction of interest rates further allowed ordinary Americans to avail the benefit of interest rate reduction. This reduction further directly increased the risk of default and bankruptcy. Savings of developing countries further aggravated the availability of excessive liquidity. In the late 1990s and early 2000s, many developing countries poured their funds into the dif ferent American banks and other financial institutions. As a result, banks and financial institutions faced the problem of excessive liquidity. Normally banks face shortage of liquidity, and to fulfil their daily requirements, banks try different means to obtain funds. But, before the financial crisis, most of the banks and financial institutions were filled with the excessive liquidity. Now, banks were required to invest the excessive liquidity for the purpose of earning returns. The inflow of excessive liquidity was so huge that many banks totally compromised on the risks associated with different types of investments. Banks and other financial institutions were desperate to utilise the availability of excessive liquidity at the cost of safe and secure returns. Banks and other financial institutions did not give an appropriate consideration before going to invest; even they overlooked the possibility of default, which could shake their commercial existence. Banks and other financi al institutions started lending to those individuals and institutions that were lacking to fulfil the requirements of creditworthiness. Consequently, these factors contributed to the inception of global financial crisis, which did not remain within the boundary of the United States of America, but spread to other countries. Many shortcomings did exist in the risk management policies of banks. Too little understanding of exposure to

Interracial relationship in Emmerdale Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

Interracial relationship in Emmerdale - Essay Example We are in an age where globalization has built a more liberal and understanding attitude towards mutual growth and development. Interracial marriages are undoubtedly the next step to defining the generation next, which understands the importance of living across cultural barriers (Judice, 56-60; Yancey and Lewis, 66). Children of intercultural marriages are more culturally aware and have a broader perspective to life than the children born into monocultural families (Crippen, 7). The Boston marathon in 2013 was gripped with sudden terror when bombs planted by two youngster â€Å"Jihadis†, that injured and killed many innocent runners (Scheer; Hoffman). The racial inclination of the two bombers was later revealed during investigation. Culture is defined as acts of harmony and belief that the members of a community indulge in, while race is defined as a sub-community that has distinct culture and language practices. Over the years, migration and globalization has caused a great deal of exposure to multi-cultural scenario, both in professional and personal lives (Lewis, 268). There are an increasing numb er of interracial marriages happening in the Western society today. This trend in the Western society seems to have gripped the attention of media personnel, so much so that they have started using intercultural marriages as background themes to soaps and serials that they create and air to audiences in these countries (Karis and Killian, 65, 126, 165). Even celebrities’ gestures are marked as racist (White). The various aspects of a family that is based on intercultural values are highlighted in these soaps. The popularity of such soaps is a direct indicator of how audiences are able to relate to their real life circumstances and watch the added drama on air (Nittle). A leading example of intercultural environment created on celluloid or the small screen is the entry of the Sharma family in the Emmerdale series. The story of the family is a

Assess Kant's Ethics Of Duty And Freedom As A Response To All Previous Essay

Assess Kant's Ethics Of Duty And Freedom As A Response To All Previous Ethical Theories - Essay Example According to the Kantian ethics, people have the duty to act in certain ways even if it does not produce the best results. â€Å"The ethics of duty is rooted in Immanuel Kant's categorical imperative ‘Act only on that maxim by which you can at the same time will that it should become a universal law,’ which in turn is rooted in the belief that humans are rational beings capable of self-determination and self-governance. Every responsible person is therefore entitled to dignity and respect.† Thus, the views of Kant, who is the most important supporter in history of deontological ethics or the study of duty, insist that the single feature that gives an action moral value is the motive that is behind the action. Similarly, another central concept in Kant’s ethics is freedom which is an idea of reason that serves a crucial practical purpose. â€Å"Without the assumption of freedom, reason cannot act. If we think of ourselves as completely causally determined, and not as uncaused causes ourselves, then any attempt to conceive of a rule that prescribes the means by which some end can be achieved is pointless.†" (McCormick, 2006) In short, the concepts of freedom and duty are central to the Kantian ethics and the originality and uniqueness of Kant's ethical theory is that he celebrated a general criticism of previous ethical theories. To comprehend the originality and uniqueness of Kant's ethical theory, it is essential to realize that he is a tough critic of previous ethical theories, especially the theory of utilitarianism. He is undisputed master of ethical theory and he finds good will as the only good thing in the world. He goes on to associate the concept of good will with actions from duty which have the only true moral value in life. Therefore, Kant associates "good will in some way with acting from duty and claims that only actions done from duty have true moral worth or moral content, while actions in conformity to duty that are done from self-interest, or even beneficent actions done from a natural inclination such as spontaneous sympathetic pleasure agents take in seeing those around them happy, are lacking in authentic moral worth or moral content." (Wood, 2007, p 24). To Kant, only those actions which spring from duty can display a good will and his ethical theories are original which question the va lidity of earlier thoughts. Significantly, the originality and uniqueness of Kant's ethical theory is clear from his 'Copernican revolution' which includes freedom, autonomy and heteronomy. An understanding of how Kant distinguishes between autonomy and heteronomy helps one in realizing the uniqueness of Kant's ethical theory. "For Kant the term "autonomy" denoted our ability and responsibility to know what morality requires of us and to act accordingly. In a derivative sense, the autonomous person is one who exercises this ability and lives up to this responsibility There are also

Phase Interpolator Pll In Simulink Computer Science Essay

Phase Interpolator Pll In Simulink Computer Science Essay Phase Locked Loops (PLLs) is a negative feedback system that matches the output frequency to the input frequency. Many applications utilize PLLs such as: frequency synthesizers, skew cancellation, reference clean-up, and clock-data recovery [1]. For frequency synthesizers, the goal is to generate a clock at a higher speed to that of a slower reference clock. For example, generating a 1 GHz signal from a 100 MHz reference signal. This is a common goal for many optical applications. For example, current work performed by AOSense, a leading research and development company in atomic-level sensing requires clock frequencies well into the hundreds of megahertz and even into the gigahertz range. For this reasons, PLLs, such as the HMC698LP5 from Hittite Microwave are commonly used in their designs. standard pll design A basic PLL consist of four main building blocks; Phase Frequency Detector (PFD), Charge Pump (CP), Low Pass Filter (LPF), and Voltage Controlled Oscillator (VCO). Figure 1 is a block diagram of a basic PLL. http://madfeekree.files.wordpress.com/2010/11/basic-pll-block1.png?w=614 Figure 1. Basic PLL Block Diagram [2] The PFD detects any differences in phase and frequency of the reference and feedback signals and generates an appropriate Up or Down signal. These signals are then passed to the CP, in which, the CP sources current into the loop filter (Up signals) or sinks current from the loop filter (Down signals). The LPF converts the signal into an analog voltage for the VCO, in which the VCO outputs a clock at either a higher faster or slower frequency based on the UP DOWN signals generated by the PD. This process is repeated until the output frequency of the VCO properly matches that of the reference frequency. These blocks were constructed and simulated in MATLAB R2112a Simulink. A. Phase Frequency Detector As previously stated, PFD are devices that measures the difference between the reference and feedback clocks. There are two commonly used phase detectors: linear and binary. A linear phase detectors output is a pulse signal with a varying width. When the feedback signal is severely out of phase with the reference signal, the pulse width is larger compared to when the two signals are close to being similar. In contrast, a binary (bang-bang) phase detectors output is a fixed pulse width. This binary output signifies if the feedback signal arrived early or late compared to the reference signal. In this design, a modified version of a linear phase frequency detector was implemented in Simulink, as depicted in figure 2. This PFD generates a logic high for the UP signal when the feedback signals rising edge arrives ahead of the reference signals rising edge for the length of the difference. Similarly, when the feedback singals rising edge arrives after the reference signals rising edge, a logic high is given for the DOWN signal for the duration of the difference. M:SJSUEE 227ProjectReport PicturesFigure 2 PFD.png Figure 2. Phase Frequency Detector Model Applying a test signal to both the reference and variable (feedback) inputs and adjusting the feedback signal with some delay, demonstrates the proper functionality of the PFD. This is illustrated in figure 3. The plot is as given from the top down: UP, DOWN, Reference, and Variable CLK. The UP and DOWN signals are then fed to the charge pump, which directs the loop filter to increase or decrease in voltage, signifying an increase or decrease of the VCO output signal. But first, a discussion on the charge pump and its modelling is in order. M:SJSUEE 227ProjectReport PicturesFigure 3 PFD Test.pngFigure 3. PFD Test Results B. Charge Pump The charge pump block in figure 1 is designed to convert the UP and DOWN signals into current for the loop filter. When the UP signal is logic high, the charge pump will source current to the loop filter and when the DOWN signal is logic high, the charge pump will since current from the loop filter. A circuit representation of a charge pump is given in figure 4 below. From this representation, several key design challenges are noticed. Such as proper current matching from both I1 and I2, parasitic capacitance from the two current sources, and leakage current into and out of the loop filter. M:SJSUEE 227ProjectReport PicturesFigure 4 CP.png Figure 4. Charge Pump Circuit A Simulink model of a charge pump is given in figure 5. Notice how the DOWN signal is subtracted from the UP signal and then fed into a gain of 0.001. This gain value represents the current of the two current sources. The delay representsrepresents the current of the two current sources. The delay represents the capacitor, Cp, in figure 4. M:SJSUEE 227ProjectReport PicturesFigure 5 CP Block.png Figure 5. Charge Pump Model Simulating the charge pump model should show a slowly increasing value as long as the UP signal is high more often than the DOWN signal. Figure 6 below shows such a scenario as the CP_Out signal slowly ramps up. This signifies that the VCO will speed up to force the reference signal to catch up to the data signal. M:SJSUEE 227ProjectReport PicturesFigure 6 CP Test.png Figure 6. CP Test Results C. Loop Filter A loop filter is an entirely passive component device and consist of two capacitors and a resistors as illustrated in figure 7. The loop filter has two branches, the integral path and the proportional path. The integral path is the C2 branch, while the proportional path is the C1 and R branch. As the name implies, the loop filter filters high frequency noise spurs caused by sampling, but this also adds a pole at 1/RC2 [1]. A resistor in the loop filter provides an isolation phase correction from frequency correction. M:SJSUEE 227ProjectReport PicturesFigure 7 Loop Filter Circuit.png Figure 7. Loop Filter Circuit A simulink model of a loop filter is given in figure 8 below. The input to the loop filter is connected to the output of the charge pump. The purpose of the loop filter is to take a current and convert it into a voltage, called the control voltage of the VCO. M:SJSUEE 227ProjectReport PicturesFigure 8 Loop Filter Block.png Figure 8. Loop Filter Model Simulating the loop filter in Simulink gave the plot in figure 9. Re-examining this figure, there may be a an error in the loop filters output as its a sawtooth waveform. This will be compared to the VCO output plot for proper functionality in the next section. Figure 9. Loop Filter Test Results D. VCO The final block in figure 1 is the VCO block. Theres a slight modification to the VCO block compared to that in figure 1 due to the future use of phase interpolation. Due to this, a phase generator block was required. This phase generator block is given in figure 10. M:SJSUEE 227ProjectReport PicturesFigure 10 Phase Generator Block.png Figure 10. Phase Generator Model The purpose of the phase generator block is to allow various phases for the phase interpolation PLL in the forthcoming section. For this, the signal is limited to 360 degrees and various phases are generated as illustrated in figure 11. This is the final design of the VCO. M:SJSUEE 227ProjectReport PicturesFigure 11 VCO Block.png Figure 11. VCO Model A common VCO has a single output, known here as CLK_0. However, due to the use of phase interpolation in the second half of this PLL design, 3 other phases were generated. Each phase separated by 90 degrees. The feedback to the PDF is derived from CLK_0 signal that is passed through a relay that generates a clock signal from a sinusoidal signal. The final PLL design for the first potion is given in figure 12. M:SJSUEE 227ProjectReport PicturesFigure 12 PLL Block.png Figure 12. PLL Design Phase 1 Testing of the pll Testing of the PLL consisted of a pulse generator at the reference clock input. This signal was set to 50 Hz is mentioned in [3]. Figure 13 is a plot of the VCO output (CLK_0). The plot shows that in the beginning, the VCO is attempting to lock and after about 30 seconds, the system locks onto the frequency. M:SJSUEE 227ProjectReport PicturesFigure 13- PLL Test Results.png Figure 13. PLL Phase 1 Test Results phase interpolator design A. Theory Behind Phase Interpolators Phase Interpolators (PI) is a modified version of a PLL. PIs function by taking a weighted values and multiplying and adding them to two signals shifted in phase at the same frequency. These weighted values are call alpha and beta. Beta equals 1 minus alpha as given in equation (1) (1) Where, B. Binary Phase Detector The phase detector used in the PI loop has been modified to act as a bang-bang phase detector instead of a linear phase detector. A modified version of the bang-bang phase detector [4] was used. This modified bang-bang phase detector is given in figure 13i. M:SJSUEE 227ProjectReport PicturesFigure 13i- BBPD Block.png Figure 13i. Modified Bang-Bang Phase Detector A bang-bang phase detector is different from a linear phase detector since the output signals are fixed pulses and they signify if the feedback clocks rising edge is early or late. Those early and late signals are then fed into a charge pump, which tells the VCO (by means of a loop filter) to go faster or to slow down. Simulating this modified version of a phase detector was performed in Simulink. The feedback (reference) signal was delayed compared to the DATA clock. This implies that the phase detector outputs a logic high for the LATE signal, in which it does. M:SJSUEE 227ProjectReport PicturesFigure 13ii- BBPD Test.png Figure 13ii. Bang-Bang Phase Detector Test Results D. Quadrature Clocks Quadrature Clocks are clocks that are separated by 90 degrees. The model to accomplish this was given in figure 11 of the VCO. Testing this with a simple pulse generator input signal provided the plots in figure 14. These plots show four signals that are 90 degrees out of phase with one another. M:SJSUEE 227ProjectReport PicturesFigure 14- Quad Phases.png Figure 14. Quadrate Phases Reading from the top of figure 14 to the bottom, the phases are as follows: 0, 90, 180, and 270 degrees. E. Counter To ensure the entire 360 degrees of phases are covered, as given in the VCO, a counter was implemented. For this simulation, an 8-bit counter was used. This implies that for 360 degrees and an 8-bit counter, each degree represents 1.41 degrees of resolution. The importance of this is related to the unit circle. For a count from 0-255, each 64 counts represents a phase shift of 90 degrees. A simple counter was constructed in Simulink using a just three blocks as shown in figure 15. M:SJSUEE 227ProjectReport PicturesFigure 15- Counter.png Figure 15. Counter Model F. Alpha, Beta, and MUX Values To determine the alpha, beta, and the MUX values, a model was created in Simulink. From section C, an 8-bit counter was created. Of these 8-bits, bits 0-5 represent the alpha bits and bits 6-7 represent the MUX bits. These bits were extracted and then the alpha and the beta values were obtained as mentioned in section A and equation (1). A Simulink model is given in figure 16. M:SJSUEE 227ProjectReport PicturesFigure 16- Alpha Beta Mux.png Figure 16. Alpha, Beta, and MUX Extractor Testing the model in figure 16 revealed an interesting note. This model was taken directly from [3] and when a simple test of this block was performed, the MUX bits appeared to be out of the ordinary. It was expected that the MUX values would range from 0-4 as two bits were extracted, giving a four step ramp. However, the four step ramp ranged from 0-192. This is shown in figure 17. The next section discusses the MUX switching and this is why the issue was noticed. Because of this, this discussion will take place in the next section. M:SJSUEE 227ProjectReport PicturesFigure 17- Alpha Beta Mux Test.png Figure 17. Alpha, Beta, and MUX Test Results G. MUX Model Since a PI requires the use of two different phases simultaneously, a MUX is required to give the proper signals. In Simulink, a MUX was generated using multiport switch components. The model is given in figure 18 below. As there are four inputs, the select line is required to be a value of 1, 2, 3, or 4 in order to properly select the desired line. The select line is driven by the 2-bit MUX value that was obtained in the previous section, F. This implies that the MUX values should be a 1, 2, 3, or 4 value and not the values that are shown in figure 17. The four steps are correct, but further work is need to properly generate the appropriate select lines. Due to the MUX select lines not functioning properly, the final PI PLL design was unable to be properly tested. A solution to this problem is to write a piece of code that reads the MUX line and then determines the proper, 1, 2, 3, or 4 value. M:SJSUEE 227ProjectReport PicturesFigure 18- MUX Model.png Figure 18. MUX Model H. Finall PLL Block and Testing The final design of the complete PLL with the phase interpolator PLL is given in figure 19. As stated in MUX Model section, the MUX line had a critical error that prevented the PLL from being properly simulated. This error was due to the MUX select lines not being of the proper value. If given more time, code would be implemented to resolve this problem or the use of Simulink blocks to generate the proper values for the select lines. M:SJSUEE 227ProjectReport PicturesFigure 19- Final PLL Block.png Figure 19. Final PLL Design with PI For simplicity do to time constraints, a simple test was performed on the final design. Since the MUX select lines are not function properly, a constant value was fed into the select lines to manually pick the phases. When the select line was set to 1 for both, the graph in figure 20 was generated. M:SJSUEE 227ProjectReport PicturesFigure 20- Final PLL Test MUX 11.png Figure 20 PI Output/Feedback Pre Relay Figure 20 shows that the PLL is working to a degree. Unfortunately, it fails to be properly tested. Conclusion PLLs are commonly used devices in a wide range of applications. In this design, a phase interpolator version of a PLL was examined. Although the complete model was successfully constructed in Simulink, the final design was unable to be properly tested. This was due to the malfunction of the MUX select lines that prohibited the simulation to run. A quick work around was implemented, which meant the manual adjustment of the MUX select lines.

Shopping: Online vs. Store Essay -- Compare/Contrast, Comparison, Inte

When comparing two different ways of shopping most people do not even think about the difference, they do both and not even realize it. In today's society people shop while at work, after work and on the weekends, whenever time permits. Stop and think how can I get more time in the day for family or just myself? The best way to figure that out with all the recourses we have is to go into a store and spend time looking through racks and waiting in endless lines to just purchase something. I compared going into a store verses online shopping; to see which one will save you time and money. There are many reasons for choosing to go into a store to purchase items needed. For instance, having someone assist you in finding what you need, or just answer questions about the product. It is also a way to get off the couch, away from the television, or off the computer. Another feature is you can see and examine what you are going to purchase. This helps in the decision making for most people. You know the minute the salesperson rings you up, the product is yours to take home and use right aw...